Membership card of the Philiki Etaireia (Friendly Society).The letters HEA and HÈÓ which mean freedom and death are discernible.The card also bears the sacred bond with the 16 columns,the symbol of unity of the Philiki Etaireia. At the bottom is the text with the secret alphabet of the Philiki Etaireia.Athens, Historical Archive of the Benaki Museum. Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, Ang., Greece at the Benaki Museum, Benaki Museum, Athens 1997, p. 505, fig. 895. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
Alexander Ypsilantis (1792-1828).Athens National Historical Museum. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975,p. 243 © Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece, Athens.
Michail Soutsos (1784-1864). Athens, Archive of Neohellenic Portraits, Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, No. 419. © Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens.
Alexander Ypsilantis crosses the Pruth. Painting by P. von Hess. Benaki Museum, Athens. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 22. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
The soldiers of the Sacred Battalion fighting at Dragatsani. Painting by P. von Hess Benaki Museum, Athens. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 58. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
Papaflessas (1786-1825). Athens National Historical Museum. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 58. © Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.
Chursid Pasha (?-1822). Benaki Museum, Athens. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 75. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
Petrobeis Mavromichalis (1765-1848). Athens, Archive of Neohellenic Portraits, Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, No. 213. © Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens.
The battle of Tripolitza and the surrounding villages. Painting by Panagiotis Zographos based on the descriptions of Makrygiannis.Watercolour on cardboard 47.5 x 62 cm. Athens, War Museum. © War Museum of Athens.
Antonis Oikonomou declares the Greek War of Independence on Hydra. Painting by P. von Hess. Benaki Museum, Athens. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 102. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
Lykourgos Logothetis (1772-1850). Athens National Historical Museum. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 169. © Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.
Panagiotis Zographos, The battle at the Hani of Gravia. Watercolour on cardboard 49 x 61.5 cm. Athens, War Museum. © War Museum of Athens.
Ioannis Dyovouniotis (1757-1831). I. Dyovouniotis was one of the leading figures of the Greek victory in the battle of Vasilika.Athens National Historical Museum. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 153. © Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.
Armed Souliote. Design of Edward Dodwell. Benaki Museum, Athens. Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, Ang., Greece at the Benaki Museum, Benaki Museum, Athens 1997, p. 540, fig. 951. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
Giannakis Ragos (1790-1870) Following the klepht warfare along with other armed men he tried to check the advance of Izmail Pasha, immobilizing his army in the region of Arta. Athens National Historical Museum. Ekpaideutiki Elliniki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko, vol. 9a,Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1991, p. 13. © Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.
Dionysios Tsokos, Anthimos Gazis. Anthimos Gazis was a scholar, a clergyman and a master of the Greek nation. On the first of May, 1821, he declared the Greek War of Independence with the armatole of the district, Kyriakos Basdekis, at Milies and then at the other villages of Pilio. Athens University Collection. Christou, Ch., Prosopographies apo ti syllogi tou Panepistimiou Athinon 1837-1987, Published by the National and Kapodistrian University, Athens 1987,p. 93. © University of Athens.
View of the port of Chania. The case of Crete was peculiar since the revolts on the island were repressed in a relatively short period whereas the ports were later used by Ibrahim Pasha as naval bases for war operations in the Peloponnese. 1842-1885: Ellada Istoriki Eikonographimeni, Mia Pliris Syllogi istorikon topographikon kai kallitechnikon dokoumenton me 280 gravoures epochis,Á. Nicolas Publications, Athens 1984, p. 85, fig. 90. © A. Nicolas.
The hanging of the Patriarch Grigorios V. Benaki Museum, Athens. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 133. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
Ibrahim Pasha (1798-1848). Markezinis, S., Politiki Istoria tis Neoteras Ellados 1828-1964: I Anagennisis tis Ellados 1828-1862, vol. 1, Papyros Publications, Athens 1966, p. 85.© S. Markezinis.
Theodoros Vryzakis, The destruction of Dramali at Dervenakia. Oil on canvas 53 x 71 cm. Athens, National Gallery-Alexandros Soutzos Museum, Koutlidis Collection.Exhibition of the Hellenic War History, Zappeio Megaron Athens 1968, p. 352.© Hellenic Ministry of Culture.
Nikitas Stamatelopoulos or Nikitaras (1787-1849). His presence in the battle at Dervenakia was decisive,as he caused great damage to the Turkish troops which retreated in the region of Argos. Athens, Archive of Neohellenic Portraits, Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, No. 650. © Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens.
Panagiotis Zographos, The battle at Myloi of Nauplia. Athens, War Museum. © War Museum of Athens.
The castles of Methoni and Koroni. Markezinis, S., Politiki Istoria tis Neoteras Ellados 1828-1964: I Anagennisis tis Ellados 1828-1862, Papyros Publications, Athens 1966, p. 55. © S. Markezinis.
Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1780-1839). Athens, Benaki Museum.Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 289. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
George E. Opiz, The death of Markos Botsaris. Watercolour 0.46 x 0.36 m. Benaki Museum, Athens. Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, Ang., Greece at the Benaki Museum,Benaki Museum, Athens 1997, p. 511, fig. 905. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
Plan of the fortification works at Missolonghi.Athens, S. Sakalis Collection. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 410-411. © S. Sakalis.
Theodoros Vryzakis, The Sortie from Missolonghi. Oil on canvas 169 x 127 cm. Athens, National Gallery-Alexandros Soutzos Museum. Kotidis, A., Elliniki Techni: Zographiki 19ou aiona, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1995, p. 54, fig. 9. © Hellenic Ministry of Culture.
Ioannis Gouras (1791-1826). Athens National Historical Museum. Elliniki Ekpaideutiki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko,vol.3, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1990, p. 145. © Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.
Theodoros Vryzakis, The camp of Karaiskakis at Kastela. Oil on canvas 145 x 178 cm. Athens, National Gallery-Alexandros Soutzos Museum, No. 493. Kotidis, A., Elliniki Techni: Zographiki 19ou aiona, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1995, p. 61, fig. 16. © Hellenic Ministry of Culture.
Panagiotis Zographos Battle of the Greeks at Rachova. Watercolour on cardboard 51 x 63.5 cm. Athens, War Museum. © War Museum of Athens.
Nikiphoros Lytras, The blowing up of the Turkish flagship by Konstantinos Kanaris. Athens, Serpieri Collection. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 247. © Serpieri Collection.
Eugene Delacroix, Massacre at Chios. Oil painting 0.70 x 0.82 cm. Paris, Louvre Museum. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 245. © Louvre Museum, Paris.
Lithograph depicting the destruction of Psara on June 22, 1824. Piraeus, Nautical Museum. Nautical Museum of Greece, Piraeus 1984, p. 41. fig. 3. © Nautical Museum of Greece, Piraeus.
Charles Fabvier (1782-1855). Athens, War Museum. © War Museum of Athens.
Dimitrios Ypsilantis (1773-1832). Athens, War Museum. © War Museum of Athens.
Eugene Delalcroix, Greece on the ruins of Missolonghi. Oil painting 209 x 147 cm. Athens National Historical Museum. Exhibition of the Hellenic War History, Athens-Zappeio Megaron1968, p. 369. © Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.
Ioannis Kolettis (1773-1847). Markezinis, S., Politiki Istoria tis Neoteras Ellados 1818-1862,Papyros Publications, Athens 1966, p. 204.© Papyros Publications.
Georgios Sisinis (1769-1847). Athens, Archive of Neohellenic Portraits, Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, No. 138. © Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens.
Kozis Desylas: Portrait of Odysseus Androutsos. Oil painting 1.54 x 1.10 m. Athens, Benaki Museum. Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, Ang., Greece at the Benaki Museum,Benaki Museum, Athens 1997, p. 516, fig. 912. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
Alexandros Mavrokordatos (1791-1865). Athens, Archive of Neohellenic Portraits, Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, No. 80. © Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens.
The front page of the Provisional Constitution of Greeceissued at Piada in 1822. Athens National Historical Museum. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 214. © Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece
Theodoros Kolokotronis (1770-1843). Athens, Archive of Neohellenic Portraits, Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, No. 653. © Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens.
Kanellos Deligiannis (1780-1862). Athens National Historical Museum. Elliniki Ekpaideutiki Egyklopaideia, Pagosmio Viographiko Lexiko,vol. 3, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1990, p. 253. © Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.
Lithograph of the town of Argoswhere the 4th National Assembly convened in July, 1829. S., Markezinis, Politiki Istoria tis Neoteras Ellados 1828-1964: I Anagennisis tis Ellados 1828-1862, Papyros Publications, Athens 1966, p. 74. © S. Markezinis.
Konstantinos Iliadis, Ioannis Kapodistrias. Athens, University Collection. Christou, Ch., Prosopographies apo ti syllogi tou Panepistimiou Athinon 1837-1987, Published by the National and Kapodistrian University, Athens 1987,p. 84. © University of Athens.
Georgios Kountouriotis (1782-1858).Athens, Archive of Neohellenic Portraits, Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, No. 62.© Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens.
Dionysios Tsokos: The assasination of Kapodistrias on September 27, 1831.Oil painting 0.60 x 0.80 m.Athens, Benaki Museum.Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, Ang., Greece at the Benaki Museum, BenakiMuseum, Athens 1997, p. 558, fig. 976.© Benaki Museum, Athens.
The Peloponnese was the most important financial source of the Greek War of Independence in the first years. Copperplate of the area of Patra.Design: H.W. Williams, Engraving: W. Miller.Private Collection.Topos kai Eikona: Charaktika xenon periigiton gia tin Ellada, vol.6, 19th c., Olkos Publications, Athens 1983, p. 199, fig. 17. © Olkos Publications.
The Phoenix was the first Greek coin minted in 1828 when Ioannis Kapodistrias was Governor of the new Greek state.Athens, Benaki Museum.Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, Ang., Greece at the Benaki Museum,Benaki Museum, Athens 1997, p. 590, fig. 1042.© Benaki Museum, Athens.
Prince Metternich (1773-1859). Markezinis, S., Politiki Istoria tis Neoteras Ellados 1828-1964: I Anagennisis tis Ellados 1828-1862, vol. 1, Papyros Publications, Athens 1966, p. 35.© Papyros Publications.
The Congress of Vienna (1814-15).Markezinis, S., Politiki Istoria tis Neoteras Ellados 1828-1964: I Anagennisis tis Ellados 1828-1862, vol. 1, Papyros Publications, Athens 1966, p. 35.© Papyros Publications.
The tsar of Russia Alexander I (1775-1825).Markezinis, S., Politiki Istoria tis Neoteras Ellados 1828-1964: I Anagennisis tis Ellados 1828-1862, vol. 1, Papyros Publications, Athens 1966, p. 31.© Papyros Publications.
George Canning (1770-1827).Athens, War Museum. © War Museum of Athens.
The tsar of Russia Nicholas I (1796-1855). S., Markezinis, Politiki Istoria tis Neoteras Ellados 1828-1964: I Anagennisis tis Ellados 1828-1862, vol. 1, Papyros Publications, Athens 1966, p. 90.© S. Markezinis.
The original text of the Treaty ofJuly (signed on June 22, 1827).Athens, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive Tsagaris, I., Agones Iroon 1821-1922: Epopoiia kai Thryloi, Athens 1931.© Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Athens.
Martin Verdiot: The naval battle of Navarino. Watercolour 0.27 x 0.45 m. Athens, Benaki Museum. Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, Ang., Greece at the Benaki Museum, Athens1997, p. 552, fig. 968. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (1790-1865). S., Markezinis, Politiki Istoria tis Neoteras Ellados 1828-1964: I Anagennisis tis Ellados 1828-1862, vol. 1, Papyros Publications, Athens 1966, p. 76© Papyros Publications.
Otto was the first king of the independent Greek state. King Otto at a young age. 1842-1885: Ellada Istoriki Eikonographimeni, Mia Pliris Syllogi istorikon topographikon kai kallitechnikon dokoumenton me 280 gravoures epochis,Á. Nicolas Publications, Athens 1984, p. 3, fig. 4. © A. Nicolas.
Giovanni B. Lusieri: View of the Parthenon from the north-west. Watercolour 0.58 x 0.95 m. The idea of the creation of a new Greek state on the territory where the ancient Greek civilization had been developed attracted the philhellenes in particular. The philhellenic movement began to grow vigorously in the early 19th century.Athens, Benaki Museum. Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, Ang., Greece at the Benaki Museum,Benaki Museum, Athens 1997, p. 495, fig. 868. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
George Opiz: Greeks and Philhellenes. Watercolour 0.46 x 0.36 m. Athens, Benaki Museum. Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, Ang., Greece at the Benaki Museum,Benaki Museum, Athens 1997, p. 511, fig. 907. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
John Gabriel Eynard (1775-1863). Athens, National Bank of Greece. In Memory of John Gabriel Eynard 1775-1863, National Bank of Greece,Athens 1977. © National Bank of Greece.
Lord Byron (1788-1824). Athens, Benaki Museum. Fotopoulos, D., Delivorrias, Ang., Greece at the Benaki Museum, BenakiMuseum, Athens 1997, p. 539, fig. 947. © Benaki Museum, Athens.
Theodoros Kolokotronis. S., Markezinis, Politiki Istoria tis Neoteras Ellados 1828-1964: I Anagennisis tis Ellados 1828-1862, Papyros Publications, Athens 1966, p. 29. © S. Markezinis.
Seal of the Parliament of 1822. Athens National Historical Museum. Christopoulos, G. (ed.), Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous: I Elliniki Epanastasi kai i Idrysi tou Ellinikou Kratous 1821-1832, vol. 12, Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1975, p. 214. © Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece.
Theodoros Vryzakis, The blowing up of the powder magazine at the fall of Missolonghi. Missolonghi, Municipal Art Gallery. Exhibition of the Hellenic War History, Zappeio Megaron, Athens1968, p. 368. © Municipal Art Gallery, Missolonghi.
Friedrich Thiersch (1784-1860). Athens, Archeio Neoellinikon Prosopographion, Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, No. 5143. © Institute of Neohellenic Research/National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens.